Efficient SIE/VIE scattering analysis of ferroelectric inhomogeneous materials with high permittivity for microwave applications

Ferroelectric materials have been gaining much interest over the last decades due to the unique operational characteristics they demonstrate, when a dc electric field is applied. This paper investigates the scattering analysis of electromagnetic waves from materials with high permittivity that follows a linear spatial variation along one axis. The surface integral equation (SIE) and volume integral equation (VIE) methods are invoked to compute the currents and the radar cross section (RCS). The number of unknowns for the VIE is, as expected, larger than for the SIE method. The RCS and the induced current are associated in such a way that one can approximate the linear variation with relatively few elements (unknowns).