Recent advances in Vacuum Electronics

Vacuum Electronics (VE) technology has been and will continue to be the enabling technology for entire classes of high-power high-frequency amplifiers with the most demanding specifications for use in both military and commercial systems. Here in this paper, TWT design and its application has been described. Among the wide variety of applications requiring high power, communication, radar, EW, and broadcasting systems are all heavily dependent on vacuum devices for reliable performance and high efficiency. Well designed CW klystrons can now deliver more than 10 years of trouble-free service in satellite communication, direct broadcast satellite (DBS) and airport weather radar applications. Such reliability improvements have led to significant reductions in operating cost for many such systems.