Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis: Applications to Materials for Electrophotography

A brief outline of the technique of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) is presented. The detail is sufficient for the understanding of the applications to two problems in electrophotography: i) the detection of mass transfer during contact electrification of Mylar and Teflon polymer films and ii) the change in triboelectric characteristics of polystyrene films due to surface oxidation as detected by ESCA.