A 9 GHz dual-mode digitally controlled oscillator for GSM/UMTS transceivers in 65 nm CMOS

A 9 GHz fully digitally controlled oscillator implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. This is the first DCO implemented at 9 GHz which covers all transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) bands of GSM/EDGE and UMTS except Band VII. It covers a coarse tuning range from 6.35 GHz to 9.15 GHz which is realized by binary weighted switchable capacitors. The phase noise performance meets the specifications of GSM/EDGE and UMTS with a low current consumption.