Design of non-harmonic multi-band pre-fractal antennas

In this paper, an innovative fractal-based methodology is proposed for synthesizing antennas with complete and unconstrained multi-band behaviors. By assuming pre-fractal geometries as reference structures, the synthesis process is faced with an optimization procedure aimed at suitably tuning the geometrical characteristics of the antenna. In order to preliminary assess the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach, the design of a planar dual-band L
₁
GPS antenna is described and discussed.