Synthesis of a Galileo and Wi-Max Three-Band Fractal-Eroded Patch Antenna

In this letter, the synthesis of a three-band patch antenna working in E
₅
-L
₁
Galileo and Wi-Max frequency bands is described. The geometry of the antenna is defined by performing a Koch-like erosion in a classical rectangular patch structure according to a Particle Swarm strategy to optimize the values of the electrical parameters within given specifications. In order to assess the effectiveness of the antenna design, some results from the numerical synthesis procedure are described and a comparison between simulations and experimental measurements is reported.