Modeling, Identification, Design, and Implementation of Nonlinear Automotive Idle Speed Control Systems—An Overview

Automotive idle speed control (ISC) is one of the most challenging aspects in engine control fields. Essentially it is a highly nonlinear, time-varying, complicated, and uncertain dynamic control problem. As the typical automotive transient operation, the quality of the ISC has a significant impact on fuel economy, emission levels (HC, CO, and NOx), combustion stability, transient response, and noise, vibration, and harshness characteristics. This paper presents a thorough review of various dynamic control technologies which have been successfully applied to ISC systems. In particular, practical implementations on a variety of different engine types are provided, which cover broad areas of control, including classical control, modern control, and intelligent control. Over 90 selected papers published during the last two decades are reviewed and then summarized from a control point of view. These control approaches can be generalized to the control of other automotive, electrical, mechanical, and aeronautical systems.