Stabilization of Accelerating Voltage under High-Intensity Beam Loading

The problem of fluctuating beam load in high-intensity cascade synchrotrons is discussed. A comparison is made of various methods of controlling rf system amplitude and phase fluctuations, with emphasis on feedback control as an economical method of stabilization. Equations describing performance are given, together with typical values for the 200 BeV machine at 3 × 1013 protons/pulse.