A Model for DC Interruption in Diffuse Vacuum Arcs

A theoretical model for current interruption in a diffuse vacuum arc with dc commutation is described. Before current zero the interelectrode plasma is modeled as an ion-neutral fluid through which electrons are flowing. After current zero a positive ion sheath grows into the plasma from the former anode, driven by the transient recovery voltage. Using the basic laws of conservation, the decay of the plasma during commutation is evaluated numerically, enabling the post-arc current, the electric field at the former anode, and the power input to this electrode after current zero to be calculated. For copper electrodes, with a commutation time of 30 μs, the ion density and velocity at current zero are 23 percent and 35 percent of their respective steady state values. The calculated post-arc currents of tens of amps are in good agreement with experimental data. The post-arc data generated with this model can be used to study reignition mechanisms and the interrupting capability of different contact materials.