Hidden-Node Removal and Its Application in Cellular WiFi Networks

This paper investigates the hidden-node phenomenon (HN) in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. HN occurs when nodes outside the carrier-sensing range of each other are nevertheless close enough to interfere with each other. As a result, the carrier-sensing mechanism may fail to prevent packet collisions. HN can cause many performance problems, including throughput degradation, unfair throughput distribution among flows, and throughput instability. The contributions of this paper are threefold. 1) This is a first attempt to identify a set of conditions—which we called Hidden-node-Free Design (HFD)—that completely remove HN in 802.11 wireless networks. 2) We derive variations of HFD for large-scale cellular WiFi networks consisting of many wireless LAN cells. These HFDs are not only HN-free, but they also reduce exposed nodes at the same time so that the network capacity is improved. 3) We investigate the problem of frequency-channel assignment to adjacent cells. We find that with HFD, careful assignment in which adjacent cells use different frequency channels does not improve the overall network capacity (in unit of bits per second per frequency channel). Indeed, given $f$ frequency channels, a simple scheme with $f$ overlaid cellular WiFi networks in which each cell uses all $f$ frequencies yields near-optimal performance.