The Time Domain Method for Power Line Reactive Energy Measurement

This paper introduces the idea that reactive energy is a measure of exchange of energy between the generator and the reactance of load within one period of instantaneous power. A measure of energy exchange within one power period is defined as the value proportional to the classic reactive energy definition. The factor of proportionality is $\pi/2$. The new concept provides simple calculation of reactive energy by the summation of samples of instantaneous power in time domain without the need for synchronization, phase shifting, and compensation of power line frequency changes. The new method fulfills all requirements of international var-hour meter standards.