Driver-Vehicle-Road Closed-Loop System Modeling Method for Steering Efforts Test

Hand wheel torque is one of the most important indexes for grading vehicles' controllability. Steering efforts test is one of the national standard tests for vehicles. This paper describes the modeling method for the man-vehicle-road closed-loop system during steering efforts test in details. The model can be used for driver-vehicle-road closed-loop system simulation or hardware-in-the-loop tests.