VPP Education in Universities: the Pisa experience

This paper describes the system of higher education in the Pisan area of Tuscany (Italy) in the topic of electric systems for land and sea vehicles. It is shown that this system is based on two education levels: - a Laurea Specialistica (a degree similar to master degree of U.K. and U.S.A.) in land vehicle engineering that gives important space to VPP-related topics; - a PhD program in land vehicles and transportation systems, in which knowledge from electrical, electronic and mechanical engineers converge. Moreover, the program for Engineer Corps of Accademia Navale di Livorno, whose students are future Italian Navy officers, includes a "naval electric systems" course