Modern Lighting System Design for the Holland Tunnel

In 1927, a modem vehicular tunnel lighting system consisted of incandescent lamps mounted within the tunnel walls to provide illumination on the roadway. New York's Holland Tunnel, which was opened to traffic during that year, was designed with such a lighting system. In 1960, it was decided to modernize this system. To accomplish this, a new fluorescent lighting fixture and system that had to provide a high level of illumination in the tunnel while utilizing and adapting the existing tunnel electrical system at minimum cost, was designed, developed, and installed.