Robotics and Artificial Intelligence across the Atlantic and Pacific

World research and developments in robotics and artificial intelligence have received significant attention in the past few years. While the United States has both an active and advanced program in robotics and artificial intelligence, other countries have been working and organizing their activities and are starting to produce some interesting results. This paper will present some highlights of foreign efforts in robotics and artificial intelligence research and development. It is not the purpose of this paper to be all inclusive of every foreign robotics program, but to give a sample of selective developments and briefly examine the international cooperation of many programs. Projects in Western Europe, Japan, and the Eastern Bloc countries will be discussed.