A Class of Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Techniques for Solving Large Electromagnetic Structures

In this paper we present different FDTD techniques which we have developed for solving large electromagnetic structures. The first technique is the M3d
₂₄
which is a low dispersion FDTD technique. In this scheme the higher order FDTD updating equations is modified and derived as applications of a version of Ampere's law and Faraday's law using central 2nd order in time and 4th order in space. The second technique is the FDTD hybrid "M3d
₂₄
-Yee" with subgridding. This scheme is based on applying the conventional FDTD in the vicinity of the structure using a high resolution grid and the M3d
₂₄
method in the rest of the domain using low resolution grid. The third technique is domain decomposition FDTD (DDFDTD) which is based on dividing the 1structure into relatively small sub-regions and applying the FDTD in a serial manner. The fourth technique is the serial parallel FDTD which is based on applying the DDFDTD and the parallel FDTD using MPI functions along two orthogonal directions