Programmable $G_{m}$– $C$ Filters Using Floating-Gate Operational Transconductance Amplifiers

We present programmable, fully differential G
_m
-C second-order sections (SOS) showing tunability over a wide range of frequencies. The SOSs use floating-gate operational transconductance amplifiers (FG-OTAs) to realize tunability. We present two FG programmable OTAs. The OTAs have a pFET input stage and employ current mirror topology. An FG common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit as well as a conventional CMFB circuit is described for use with these OTAs. Their performance is compared. Expressions are derived for the differential and common-mode frequency response of the OTAs. Typical simulation and experimental results are shown for prototypes fabricated in a 0.5-mum CMOS process available through MOSIS. The prototypes operate from a single 3.3-V supply with typical bias currents in the 10-100-nA range. We present experimental results showing frequency-and Q-tuning for a low-pass SOS (LPSOS) and a bandpass SOS (BPSOS) designed using these FG-OTAs also fabricated in a 0.5-mum CMOS process. Measured 1-dB compression for LPSOS and BPSOS are -15 and -11 dBm, respectively