Multi-Line Calibration for MMIC Measurement

Perhaps the most precise means of network analyzer calibration is the TRL (thru-reflectline) method [ll. Certain inevitable errors, prominent among them the nonrepeatability of connectors, limit the accuracy of any calibration method. The error analysis of the TRL method presented here is particularly useful because it suggests tactics for error reduction. The most significant error reductions arise from the use of multiple, redundant line standards.