Advances in Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) and Their Impact on Fiber Optic Transmission Systems

This paper will discuss the development of large-scale photonic integrated circuits (LS PICs) that enable greater penetration of digital signal management into the network. These LS PICs dramatically change the cost structure of conversion of the signal between the optical and electronic domains and thus enable the utilization of the vast array of available technologies for digital signal management, such as performance monitoring, fault sectioning, switching, grooming, and routing at a greatly improved depth within the network