Universal current mode biquad implemented from two second generation current conveyors

The implementation for a nonideal gyrator is first considered. A universal second-order biquad filter, operating in current-mode is then described. The circuit exhibits simultaneously the lowpass, bandpass, and highpass transfers with unity gain. It uses two second generation current conveyors and four passive components only. Both its active and passive sensitivities are not dependent on Q. Their values are at the most equal to unity. SPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.<
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