The Volterra input-output map of a high-frequency amplifier as a practical alternative to load-pull measurements

Using a nonlinear black-box model based on the Volterra theory it is possible to describe the nonlinear behavior of a high-frequency amplifier. Acquiring only a strongly reduced set of measurements, it is easy to predict the load impedance curves anywhere on a Smith Chart. The classic load-pull approach involves the acquisition of a large amount of data and still lacks a description of the nonlinear behavior of the amplifier in deviating situations.<
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