Low-threshold 1.57-μm VC-SEL's using strain-compensated quantum wells and oxide/metal backmirror

We present an electrically-pumped long wavelength vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VC-SEL) using strain-compensated multiple quantum well gain medium and an oxide/metal backmirror. Design flexibilities such as using oxide/metal mirrors are possible because of the exceedingly high optical gain provided by strain-compensated multiple quantum wells. The gain medium is bonded to various substrates, including InP and Si, prior to device processing. This substrate transfer process facilitates heat sinking, and can be useful in the integration of VC-SEL's with other devices. The device operates at a single wavelength of 1.57 μm, and has a minimum threshold of 12 mA at room temperature under pulse pumping.