Image representation of wave propagation on wires above, on and under ground

Approximate image type expressions for series impedance and shunt admittance are derived for self and mutual coupling of wires above, on, and under a lossy ground. The expressions are used for approximate evaluation of the propagation constant and the characteristic impedance of a single wire of general location relative to the surface of the ground. Numerical comparisons with exact and quasi-TEM results are presented.<
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