Supplementary algorithms for DC convergence (circuit analysis)

Summary form only given, as follows. The successful simulation of an electronic circuit relies on convergence on a solution using an iterative process. It is necessary to achieve a DC operating point solution prior to other analyses. The paper reviews some techniques that have been found to aid this process. Specifically, five algorithms, including a pseudo transient technique, are described that assist in convergence to a DC operating point solution. The application of these algorithms to an example is described. Some difficulties can also arise with a transient analysis, producing the error 'internal timestep too small'. Solutions are proposed that have been shown from actual experience to be helpful and advice is given in interpreting messages from the simulator with the specific purpose of attaining a successful simulation.<
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