Minimax microstrip filter design using direct EM field simulation

A comprehensive approach to microwave filter design which exploits accurate filed simulations driven directly by a gradient-based minimax optimizer is presented. Challenges of efficiency, discretization of geometrical dimensions, and continuity of optimization variables are reconciled by a three-stage attack: (1) efficient response interpolation; (2) smooth gradient estimation; and (3) dynamic database updating. The design optimization of two microstrip filters illustrates the technique described.<
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