Renovation of a larger substation within existing spatial limitations without discounting operations

In an electric distribution system, there is a need for continual renovation of its substations. The reasons for this can be many; e.g. high maintenance costs, lack of spare parts, unsatisfactory operational safety or inadequate performance. In an account of the renovation of a larger substation presented by the authors, all of these factors were present as well as the need to change the high voltage level from 50 kV to 130 kV. They give an exposition of the new technology used in the project with attention to coordinated concepts for microprocessor based control, monitoring and protection.<
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