A portable current controlled muscle stimulator

Portable muscle stimulators for transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES) are discussed. They provide a single channel of current-controlled output and are intended to be used in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries. Several safety features have been incorporated to protect patients from device failure or improper calibration. Six prototypes are currently being used in an FES study. Preliminary results indicate that the stimulators are safe, reliable, and effective.<>