A Miniaturized Planar Space-filling Curve Antenna with Wideband Monopole-like Radiation Characteristics

In this paper, the characteristics of utilizing planar metallic paths in the form of Peano and Hilbert space-filling curves (SFC) are investigated to provide top-loading properties to electrically short monopole antenna elements. Because the higher order SFC curve paths are resonant at frequencies for which the area that encloses the curve can be considered as electrically small, these curves may offer resonant loading characteristics in compact, low-profile and potentially conformal antenna designs, with monopole-like radiation patterns