Amplifier-Gain Formulas and Measurements

The existence of numerous definitions of amplifier gain, not all of which are generally available or understood, has caused considerable confusion. This paper gives precise mathematical statement to the most widely accepted definitions and applies them in sample cases to make their full meaning evident and assure that they may be understood correctly. In addition, it develops and illustrates the application of a practical method for expressing the insertion gain of amplifiers used primarily for voltage amplification.