Ultra-High-Frequency Oscillography

Starting from the transit-time effects of the first and second kind, occurring in a cathode-ray tube, two methods are described for the oscillographic examination of ultra-high-frequency oscillations. First, we have the inversion spectrograph which supplies, by means of a white and spectrally dispersed electron beam, sinusoidal and complex inversion spectrograms. Second, we may use ultradynamic Lissajous figures which differ from the classical Lissajous figures in that the two pairs of plates, receive the same voltages which within the tube are displaced in phase between the two deflecting elements. By a simple process, the wave shape of the applied voltage can be obtained from any given ultradynamic Lissajous figure. In order to show the practical usefulness of both methods, the ultra-high-frequency voltages which contain strong harmonics with integral and rational frequency ratios supplied by a magnetron oscillation are examined. Finally, a microwave oscillograph is described for the centimeter-wave range, which operates with a submicroscopic electron probe and is provided with deflecting plates of extremely small dimensions. The ultradynamic Lissajous figures produced are observed and photographed by means of a microscope.