Design of E-shaped dual-band and wideband patch antennas using parallel PSO/FDTD algorithm

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is applied in this paper to the design of E-shaped patch antennas. Different fitness functions are utilized to denote different antenna performance, and a finite difference time domain (FDTD) analyzer evaluates these fitness functions. The optimization is executed on the parallel clusters to reduce the computational time. The measurement of the fabricated optimal antennas shows satisfactory dual-band (about -20dB S/sub 11/ at 1.8GHz/2.4GHz) and wideband (more than 30% S/sub 11/<-10dB bandwidth) properties.