VEPSD: a novel velocity estimation algorithm for next-generation wireless systems

A novel algorithm called velocity estimation using the power spectral density (VEPSD), which uses the Doppler spread in the received signal envelope to estimate the velocity of a mobile user (MU), is introduced in this paper. The Doppler spread is estimated using the slope of the power spectral density (PSD) of the received signal envelope. The performance of the VEPSD algorithm is evaluated in both Rayleigh and Rician fading environments. The sensitivity of the estimation error to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), Rice factor (K), and the angle of arrival of the line-of-sight (LOS) component is analyzed and compared with the level crossing rate (LCR) and covariance-based velocity estimators. Simulation results show that VEPSD estimates the velocity of MUs accurately. It is also shown that VEPSD can be used for velocity estimation under nonisotropic scattering and is well suited for next-generation wireless systems (NGWSs).