Active CMOS biochip for time-resolved fluorescence detection

This paper describes the design of an active CMOS biosensor array for fluorescence-based assays which enables time-gated, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The array is sensitive to photon densities as low as 1.15 /spl times/ 10/sup 8//cm/sup 2/, has a dynamic range of over 74 dB, and has sub-nanosecond timing resolution. High sensitivity is achieved through subsampling and averaging.