A precise large current ratio integrated gain cell

A monolithic circuit technique is presented whereby large current ratios (≈100) are precisely obtained using only small ratios (<10) of resistances and bias currents. The same circuit functions as an analog multiplier/divider, and also generates useful square-law and square-root characteristics. In general, functions of the form z
^y
, where y > 0 and z > 0, can be realized.