Electromagnetic modeling and optimization of spatial power combiners/dividers with hard horns

A generalized scattering matrix (GSM) approach, which utilizes finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) with a modified unsplit PML (perfectly matched layer) and mode matching techniques, is used to analyze spatial power combiners/dividers with hard horn feeds. The simulation results are experimentally verified for a 1:9 spatial power dividing system. Furthermore, the effects of various design parameters on the overall performance of a 1:9 divider is investigated.