Deterministic broad-band PMD emulator

We present the architecture for a deterministic broad-band polarization-mode dispersion (DBPMD) emulator based on four stages. The first three stages of flexible frequency-dependent rotation provide the three degrees of freedom for emulating PMD at each frequency, while the fourth stage compensates for the isotropic dispersion created by the first three stages. We describe the algorithm to synthesize the required rotation angle of each stage using the PMD concatenation rules. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate good fidelity of the DBPMD emulator in approximating randomly selected spectra of PMD vectors.