Direct modulation of a laser by a microwave signal: a model for 1/F amplitude and phase noises

When a laser is directly modulated in amplitude by a microwave frequency, the low frequency noise of the laser is transposed around this frequency as amplitude and phase 1/F noises. A model of laser including these noises is described and compared to measurements of phase noise. This model can be used either to simulate an optical link in microwaves or the measurement equipment characterising the laser. This simulation is done with a non linear frequency domain simulator like ADS.