Amplitude-frequency effect of Y-cut langanite and langatate

Amplitude-frequency effect of a Y-cut langanite (LGN) resonator and a Y-cut langatate (LGT) resonator were measured. The frequency shifts from the baseline frequency with 1 mA were measured as a function of drive currents up to 28 mA. High-drive current shifted the frequency, but it also heated the crystal locally, causing temperature-related frequency changes. The local heat transfer and its influence on the frequency were analyzed. The amplitude-frequency shift was effectively measured, and was not affected by the temperature-related frequency changes. The 3rd, 5th, and 7th overtones (OT's) were found to behave as soft springs, i.e., resonant frequency decreases as drive current increases. The drive sensitivity coefficients of the 3rd and 5th OT's are in the vicinity of -2 ppb/mA/sup 2/ for both resonators. The 7th OT's are higher than the other OT's: -5/spl sim/- 7 ppb/mA/sup 2/. The lowest drive sensitivity is -1.2 ppb/mA/sup 2/ on the 5th OT of the LGT.