Mixed-signal calibration of pipelined analog-digital converters

A least-mean-squares (LMS) based mixed-signal scheme for the self-calibration of a pipelined analog-digital converter (ADC) is proposed. The technique uses an elegant continuous reference update algorithm to correct for gain errors and offset errors in a pipeline stage with minimal area and power overhead. Simulation results show the efficiency of the scheme for resolution of greater than 13 bits in a CMOS process.