Experimental implementation of an optoelectronic neural network scheduler

We describe the design and successful operation of an optoelectronic Hopfield network demonstrator system. The Hopfield network, one of the simpler space-invariant interneuronal connection networks, was chosen due to its observed efficiency in solving optimization tasks. The demonstrator system, based around a free-space diffractive optical interconnect, was designed to perform a range of optimization tasks, in particular those associated with the scheduling of packets through different switching topologies. Experimental optimization of the neural network throughput, for both a crossbar and Banyan switch topology, allows the neural network parameters (e.g., neuron bias, neuron weighting) to be tuned to ensure optimal operation of the network for a particular switch topology. In addition, the demonstrator allows an investigation of the critical parameters governing the interoperation of the different modules. We describe the effect of two of these parameters, namely, the operating temperature of the optoelectronic devices and the accuracy of the interconnection fabrication technology. The weighted interconnections in this optoelectronic system are provided by a diffractive optical element/lens combination whilst the neurons are implemented electronically. The transition between the electronic and optical domains is handled by an 8×8 VCSEL array for the electronic-optic interface, and an 8×8 Si photodetector array for the optic-electronic interface. The VCSEL array consists of oxide-confined near-infrared GaAs devices capable of 250-MHz modulation at a wavelength of 960 nm. The diffractive optical interconnect is designed using simulated annealing optimization and fabricated using very large scale integration photolithography. Using these techniques, it is possible to create interconnects with a total efficiency of ∼70% and a nonuniformity of <1%.