0.622-8.0 Gbps 150 mW serial IO macrocell with fully flexible preemphasis and equalization

This paper presents a 622 Mbps to 8 Gbps transceiver in standard 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Each receiver and transmitter macrocell has its dedicated clock multiplication unit (CMU) and clock/data recovery unit (CDR), providing simultaneous multi-rate operation for multiple lanes on a chip. The transmitter and receiver front-end use direct 4:1 multiplex and 1:4 demultiplexing, using multiple-phase quarter-rate clocks. An automatic phase offset cancellation scheme is used to eliminate the phase mismatch of the multiple clock phases. Each transceiver occupies an active area of less than 0.4 mm/sup 2/ and consumes 150 mW at maximum speed.