Low-frequency electronic gate detection for the counting and sizing of cells, bacteria, and colloidal particles in liquids

Low-frequency (LF) electronic gating is proposed for the detection and sizing of cells, bacteria, and colloidal particles in liquids. LF gating avoids the disturbing effects of electrolysis inherent to dc-operated systems and the poor sensitivity of high-frequency gating. The technique is intended for continuous operation on-line, in chromatography-like experiments.