Video watermarking combining with hybrid coding scheme

A watermarking scheme combining with hybrid video coding is proposed in this paper. The intra-coded frame, which is called intra-frame, is blocked and discrete cosine transformed (DCT), watermark is embedded in the low-frequency coefficients in DCT domain. While for the inter-coded frame, the blocked motion compensation is discrete cosine transformed as in I frame, then the DC coefficient in the DCT matrix is watermarked. In our scheme, perceptual model is considered, and the spread spectrum technology is borrowed from communication theory when watermark is embedded into the DCT coefficients. The watermark detection is based on the correlation and hypothesis testing, and the union detection of multidimensional watermark improved the performance of watermark detection.