Grounding, electrical referencing and bonding in electronic systems

Summary form only given. This paper deals with one of the most problematic issues in the EMC engineering field - grounding for EMI control and for other essential objects, such as: safety grounding, lightning protection, ESD control, and reference point for signals. The paper points out the difference between electrical bonding and electrical grounding; theory of grounding versus experience; common mode coupling via grounding loops; and finally it presents the major grounding design elements.