Hi-TORA: a hierarchical routing protocol in ad hoc networks

Recently, in wired networks, a hierarchical structure has been introduced to improve management and routing. In ad hoc networks, we introduce a hierarchical structure to achieve the same goal. However it is difficult to introduce the hierarchical structure because all mobile hosts are always moving around the network. So, we proposed the clustering scheme to construct the hierarchical structure. We propose a new hierarchical routing protocol called Hi-TORA based on the clustering scheme. We show the experimental evaluation of Hi-TORA with respect to the number of control packets, accuracy of packet delivery and hop counts in comparison with TORA.