Digital synthesis of speech and music

Electronic music has developed in response to sophisticated music listeners' desire for change. The seeds of change arose in the symphonic music of Stravinsky, Schönberg, and von Webern before World War I. Some excellent early analog music was composed by Badings and Varèse at Philips in 1958 and is reproduced on the associated stereo disk. Good digital computer music was composed on the IBM 7090 at the Bell Telephone Laboratories about 1960. An example by Mathews and a 1969 composition on a third-generation computer by Risset is demonstrated. The electronic evolution is affecting the symphonic repertoire and popular music. This paper also discusses and demonstrates recent advances in speech synthesis, including speech analysis and synthesis by the cepstrum method and speech synthesis from printed words by a new process developed in the Bell Telephone Laboratories.