Augmentation of wave measurements by use of a submerged solar cell

In a 1957 paper, Schenck (1) noted that a trochoidal water wave having perpendicular sunlight incident upon it would focus this sunlight underwater, maximum focus occuring at depths depending on the wave parameters. A maximum of up to eight times the incident intensity was predicted for the case of zero absorption loss in the water column. Meunz and Marchello ( 2 ) used this approach in the measurement of the height of small, - I capillary waves. Other studies (3,4) have considered the effect of wave-focused light from a statistical or time-average standpoint.