Effects of the element pattern on the directive properties of a scanning planar array

An approximate expression is derived for a shift of a main-beam direction due to its element pattern in a uniformly illuminated, scanning planar array for a
sin^{p} \theta \cdotp sin^{q} \phi
element pattern. Furthermore, the integral of the radiation power pattern of the array is approximately evaluated, and discussions are given about the effect of the element pattern on the scanned directivity of the array. Numerical results are presented for several cases.