Radiation fields of an inclined electric dipole immersed in a semi-infinite conducting medium

An electric dipole is immersed in a semi-infinite conducting medium with its axis inclined to the normal of the surface. The radiation fields of the dipole are derived for the
z
nonconducting region above the surface. A ground wave near the surface and a space wave above it are derived from the evaluation of the integrals by the saddle point method. The field expressions for these waves have an exponential attenuation depending upon skin and immersion depths. The angle of inclination of the dipole is treated as the principal variable in analysis of the radiation fields. Radiation patterns are presented for the space wave and the ground wave. The variables include conductivity, immersion depth and the inclination angle.