Advanced Channel Characterization and Performance Forecasting for Hybrid mmWave and LTE-A Networks in Metropolitan Environments

Mainly in metropolitan areas that attract interference and restriction due to the fast growth of wireless communication, it is essential to understand the channel characteristics and throughput predictions. Important for the development of the future 5G and beyond networks such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks are under discussion in this paper. This paper evaluates crucial channel characteristics which include route loss, delay spread and angle spread at mmWave and LTE-A frequencies in many urban settings through the use of current ray tracing formulas and actual data. The research also applies real environmental objects such as building density, vehicles, plants, etc, and employs various machine learning algorithm to predict the network throughput The findings suggest that mmWave networks have a higher throughput than LTE-A under line-of-sight situations although they offer a higher route loss with less diffraction. On the other hand, LTE-A's characteristic of diffraction is better, and the threshold that proves its superiority in non-line-of-sight situations. For the network designers, this research provides fresh outlooks which assists for the optimal organization of hybrid mmWave and LTE-A thus achieving the best performances pointed out in the urban zones. The results prove that it is necessary to incorporate methods of adaptive beamforming and other complex methods of modulation in order to overcome the obstacles related to signal transmission in urban environment.